Found a Stolen Bicycle.

New York, 1895

Curtis DeGrass, aged 13 years, residing on the Merrick road, Jamaica, was arrested Tuesday by Constable Ashmead on suspicion of having stolen two bicycles, one from a son of Oliver Baylis, of the Merrick road, and the other from a boy named Victor. The boy confessed to taking one of the wheels, and it was found in the woods near his home. Some time ago Curtis, with an older brother, stole a number of articles from Union Hall Seminary.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, NY, June 14, 1895, p. 8.

Miss Meaney Visiting Mrs. Allyn

New York, 1895

Woodhaven and Ozone Park News.

Miss Belle Meaney, of Washington, D. C., is visiting Mrs. F. L. Allyn.

Mrs. Alfred Dale, who was stricken with paralysis, is slowly recovering.

Miss Jennie Miller, of Jamaica, will teach in the Woodhaven schools next year.

The Siacs met with another defeat on Saturday at the hands of the Eurekas of Newark. Score, 16 to 10.

The Aqueduct race track will open on July 15, and will race for seventeen days. Some excellent racing is promised.

The Rev. Henry Lawrence has accepted a call from the Church of Epiphany as resident pastor. He will take charge at once.

Five games of base ball were openly played in Woodhaven last Sunday. The players were mostly city clubs.

The board of education is negotiating with the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal church for the use of the building for school purposes.

Charles Newfield is having a new business building erected on the Napier property opposite the railroad depot at Woodhaven Junction.

The grand jury failed to indict August Merk of Woodhaven for an assault on Mrs. Mary Armbruster. He cut her head open with an iron pot.

Counselor Merrill was in Washington, D. C., Wednesday, as a witness for the defense in the trial of ex-Captain Howgate, U. S. A., for embezzlement.

The Epiphany church hold a strawberry festival Tuesday night at Americus Hall. There was a large attendance and financially and socially it was a success.

The Boothroyd child, of Brooklyn Hills, who was burned at a bonfire about a fortnight ago, died Sunday morning from her injuries. She was ten years old.

Robert Tucker, representing the Aqueduct race track, has leased four acres of land from John Dengler, to be used in extending the race track so as to comply with the new law.

William A. Hadley has been missing from Ozone Park for about three months, and there are queer stories going around one to the effect that Mrs. Hadley is about to sue for separation.

Joseph Schreiber, 10 years of age, of Ozone Park, was nearly killed at the depot on Monday by jumping from a moving train. The boy has made a practice of jumping on and off trains.

William F. Buckley, of the board of education, while on his wheel near Van Wyck avenue was run down by a team of horses, thrown from his wheel, and seriously injured. The fellow who ran him down whipped up his horses and escaped. Mr. Buckley did not know him.

David Laney, the popular florist, celebrated his 54th birthday Tuesday evening at his residence, and a large number of his friends were present, all enjoying themselves with singing, dancing and speech making. A fine collation was served. Numerous beautiful presents were made to him by his friends.

The society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, through a representative, is making inquiry about a fine of $50 imposed by Eugene F. Vacheron while a justice of the peace upon Peter Adolph for cruelty. The representative states that the fine was not turned over to the society as required by the statute.

The highway commissioners propose to open a new street near the lower brick school house in Woodhaven, connecting University place with Rockaway Road, for the purpose of draining the water which collects in a large quantity in front of the building every heavy storm. The grade of University place at the junction with Rockaway road is several inches below that of the latter, although both are county roads.

The Woodhaven board of education has called a special district meeting for Tuesday evening, July 2, to provide for increased school accommodations; $25,000 is the sum asked for. It is proposed to extend the brick building on University place so as to seat 600 pupils instead of 350 as at present, and to erect a new branch primary building at Ozone Park to seat 200 pupils. A census of the district shows that in September the authorities must provide for at least 400 children in excess of present accommodations. The seating capacity is now overtaxed, and in several of the classrooms the registry is inconsistent with good school work. The compulsory education law must be enforced next year to the letter, and the census is the proper index of the facilities which will be necessary to give due effect to the law. The law provides that any district which neglects or refuses to provide due accommodations shall forfeit its state moneys. The notices issued by the board of education appear to anticipate some opposition, inasmuch as they give notice to the public that the proposed improvements are predicated upon the law's strict requirements.

About a week ago two men arrived at Ruoff's morgue, Ozone Park, and took a look at the body of the man who was found at Cypress Hills on Decoration Day by three boys. These two men identified the body as one George Schaeffer, and after seeing the coroner, undertaker and newspaper reporters, it was agreed that the matter should be kept quiet.

The inquest took place last week and the jury was handed a slip of paper as they retired giving the name of the man who was found dead. The jury promptly returned and requested the coroner to subpoena the two men, also Undertaker Ruoff, to appear before them next Friday night. The name of the man was not made known by either the coroner or jury, but a still hunt brought the name to light.

The man was buried in Lutheran cemetery by Ruoff, but the certificate of death has not been filed as yet with the register of vital statistics. The whole business was conducted wrongfully and somebody should be held accountable for it. These things should not be carried on in star chamber fashion.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, NY, June 14, 1895, p. 8.

Mrs. Man at Saranac Lake

New York, 1895

The News of Richmond Hill.

Mrs. A. H. Man is spending a few weeks at Saranac Lake.

Mrs. George J. Presbrey and children, of Hamilton avenue, are visiting friends in Washington, D. C.

Charles B. Phelps, of Hamilton avenue, is on a business trip through the northern part of the state.

Henry E. Houston, son of Francis Houston, was one of the graduates at Columbia College yesterday.

The members of Columbia hose company have decided not to join the fire department of Richmond Hill. They are just outside the corporation limits.

Justice George Lester, who has been confined to his home for the past two months by sickness, continues to improve, but is not yet able to leave his room.

The village trustees have confirmed the appointment of Hugh J. Swift as police constable. He is to be allowed a fee of $1.50 for every arrest where a conviction is had.

The reception and sale of fancy and useful articles held at the residence of Mrs. Engs, on Oak street, for the benefit of the parish house of the Church of the Resurrection, netted $94.

Columbia hose company will make an application to-clay to the town board to form a fire department to be known as the Columbia fire department of Jamaica in the unincorporated part of the village of Richmond Hill.

At the anniversary of the boys' brigade of the Church of the Resurrection, held Sunday evening, addresses were made by General Kirby, of Brooklyn, and Col. Weightman, of Jersey City.

At a meeting of the Richmond Hill association held Monday evening to consider the question of raising the monthly dues from $1 to $1.50, there was an animated discussion, and the matter was laid over until the 18th.

The Richmond Hill Association will meet on the 25th to consider a proposed amendment to the constitution. The proposed amendment is that intoxicating liquor shall be allowed in the association building in the future.

John Reimer, aged 16 years, of Richmond Hill, was arrested on Monday for having in his possession a bag full of carpenter's tools that he had stolen from Henry Greek of Dunton. Reimer, when arraigned before Justice Hendrickson, pleaded guilty, and was sent to the county jail for 60 days.

The annual Trinity flower festival of the Sunday school of the Church of the Resurrection, will be held in the church on Sunday evening next, at 7.30 o'clock. A bright and pleasing program has been prepared for the scholars, and a fine display of flowers and banners, and bright music may be expected.

The following schedule of license fees applying to persons residing outside the corporate limits of Richmond Hill have been adopted by the trustees: Peddling fruit or vegetables from a wagon, $20; fish, $10; ale, beer or spirituous liquors, $50; bread and cake, $10; ice, $5; oil, $20; milk, $10; wares or merchandise of any other description, $15.

James Croley, of Clarenceville, who was arrested two weeks ago for attempting to kill his wife by hitting her in the head with an axe, was to have had a hearing before Justice Hendrickson on Wednesday, but owing to the absence of his counsel, Assemblyman Vacheron, the hearing was adjourned until Saturday. Mrs. Croley is still in the Emergency Hospital.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, NY, June 14, 1895, p. 8.

Would-be Train Wreckers.

New York, 1895

Frederick Vassar, Eugene and John Duryea, Daniel Kasulkie and Frank Remsen, arrested by Detective Sarvis of the Long Island railroad for placing obstructions on the track of the Southern railroad near Locust avenue, Jamaica, were discharged on Tuesday by Justice Hendrickson with a reprimand. The boys range in age from 10 to 8 years.


Campion-Callakan Trouble.

Edward Campion of Jamaica was fined $5 by Justice Detheridge for assaulting Margaret Callahan's son. They are neighbors. Mrs. Callahan thrashed Campion in a fair fight, and he has sued her for $5,000 damages. He has also brought an action against her for letting her cattle run at large.


Hay! Hay!

Best timothy, eighty cents a hundred; mixed hay, seventy cents. J. & T. Adikes are receiving large quantities direct from the West and are offering it at low prices from cars.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, NY, June 14, 1895, p. 8.

The Village Board of Health Abating the Nuisances.

New York, 1895

The village board of health held their regular monthly meeting Tuesday evening. President Doran presided. Douglas Wilson was absent. A communication was received from the village clerk stating that the board of trustees had leased land from Mrs. Margaret Foley for a dumping ground. On motion, the dumping ground chosen by the trustees was accepted.

Complaint was made of the condition of the yard of Anthony Van Dorn, on South street.

On motion of Mr. Marshall and upon the recommendation of the health officer, the secretary was directed to notify William E. Case to clear away all of the rubbish from the banks of the stream at his dumping ground and bury the same in trenches within ten days from date.

The secretary was directed to notify Chanche Edwards to have a cover placed over the manure pit in his stable yard and to disinfect the pit, and that the manure must only be removed from the pit between the hours of 10 o'clock P. M. and 2 A. M.

On motion of Mr. Woolley, the secretary was directed to notify the Brooklyn and Suburban railroad company to have the gutters on Fulton street thoroughly cleaned.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, NY, June 14, 1895, p. 8.

Some Offensive Things at the West End of the Town.

New York, 1895

The board of health of the town of Jamaica held their regular monthly meeting at the Town Hall on Monday. Supervisor Everitt presided. Justice Lester was absent. Dr. Flynn, health officer, reported that there were four cases of scarlet fever in the town, one case at Richmond Hill, one at Woodhaven, one at Ozone Park, and one at Springfield.

A letter was received from Philip H. Gartleman, complaining that the stench from the fertilizer factory on Liberty avenue, Woodhaven, was intolerable.

Robert Hubner, proprietor of the works, said that all of the matter used in the manufacture of the fertilizer was deodorized before it reached the factory, and that the stench came from nightsoil and garbage dumped in the woods near the Jewish cemetery.

On motion of Justice Kissam, the health officer was directed to visit the fertilizer factory and ascertain if there was anything on the premises detrimental to health.

William Flagg, a scavenger, asked permission to dump night soil on land that he had leased at Woodhaven. The soil was covered up as soon as dumped. As no complaint had been made against Mr. Flagg, no action on his request was taken.

Justice Lott reported that one arrest had been made for dumping nightsoil at Woodhaven. A man named Kessler was brought before him and he fined him $5. He believed that it had a good effect, as he had heard no complaints since.

The secretary was directed to notify the Hempstead and Jamaica plank road company to fill up the excavation at the roadside at Hollis, now filled with stagnant water.

The bill of Joseph Barratt, $25.75, for services as watchman at dumping ground, Woodhaven, was ordered paid.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, NY, June 14, 1895, p. 8.

Instinct Betrayed Him

1895

A curious story is told by our Vienna correspondent. A young man, the representative of a large firm, who carried a large sum of money with him, recently spent the night at a hotel at Presburg. As usual, he remained some time smoking in bed. Suddenly the burning cigar fell to the floor. He bent over to extinguish it, when he saw a hand projected from under the bed put the cigar out. It made him very uncomfortable. He lay awhile, and then, saying aloud: "How very cold! I shall get my fur coat!" He jumped out of bed, flew to the door and cried for help. The would be robber was caught. He confessed he knew the occupant of the room had money, which he hoped to get while he slept. He had been a fireman formerly and could not resist the impulse to extinguish the burning cigar. — London News.

Some Help We Get From Microbes

1895

Ordinary digestion is performed in the stomach and the intestine by means of soluble ferments secreted by the organic cells, which attack alimentary substances, dissociate them and render them assimilable, and this is perceived to be a function very similar to that of microbes. The digestive passages, however, contain immense quantities of microbes continually brought in with the food, multiplying infinitely and performing exceedingly complex offices.

Even if we take up only a few of these offices, we are compelled of necessity to assume that they intervene in digestive operations, either as aids to the organic diastases or as themselves effective agents. M. Duclaux, insisting on this point, has remarked that some celluloses are capable of being attacked only by microbes, no organic juice having sufficient strength to affect them. M. Pasteur does not believe in the possibility of digestion in a medium completely deprived of microbes. — Popular Science Monthly.


Something Simple

Patent Office Clerk — Your machine is so complicated that some part or other will be sure to infringe on some other invention and make trouble with no end of court costs.
Poor Inventor — I can't afford such expenses.
"Hadn't you better try something simpler at first. What is that in your other hand?"
"This? A bit of wire I picked up in the street. A button is off, and I m going to use it to fasten up my suspenders."
"Well, we'll give you a patent on that." — New York Weekly.


His Doctrine

"Uncle, how do you stand on the enforcement of the Monroe doctrine?"

"Ain't got no time to fool wid sich," answered the old man. "De good ole straight Baptis' doctrine am good enough fo' me an is been for nigh more'n thutty yeahs." — Cincinnati Tribune.

Napoleon After Arcole

1895

It Was Then That His Imperious Spirit Began to Develop.

The two months between the middle of November, 1796, and the middle of January, 1797, display a marked change in Bonaparte's character and conduct. After Arcolo he was a man very different from the novice he had been before Montenotte. Twice his fortunes had hung by a single hair, having been rescued by the desperate bravery of Rampon and his soldiers at Monte Legino and again by Augereau's daring at Lonato. Twice he had barely escaped being made a prisoner — once at Valeggio, once at Lonato. Twice his life had been spared in the heat of battle as if by a miracle, once at Lodi, once again at Arcole.

These facts had apparently left a deep impression on his mind, for they were turned to the best account in making good a new step in social advancement. So far he had been as adventurous as the greatest daredevil among the subalterns, staking his life in every new venture. Hereafter he seemed to appreciate his own value, and to calculate not only the exposures of his person, but the intimacy of his intercourse, with nice adaptation to some great result. Gradually and informally a kind of bodyguard was organized, which, as the idea grew familiar, was skillfully developed into a picked corps, the best officers and finest soldiers being made to feel honored in its membership. The constant attendance of such men necessarily secluded the general in chief from those colleagues who had hitherto been familiar comrades.

Something in the nature of formal etiquette once established, it was easy to extend its rules and confirm them. The generals were thus further and further separated from their superior, and before the new year they had insensibly adopted habits of address which displayed a high outward respect, and virtually terminated all comradeship with one who had so recently been merely the first among equals. Bonaparte's innate tendency to command was under such circumstances hardened into a habit of imperious dictation. In view of what had been accomplished, it would have been impossible, even for the most stubborn democrat, to check the progress. Not one of Bonaparte's principles had failed to secure triumphant vindication. — Professor W. M. Sloane in Century.

She Beat the Company

1895

This Woman Rode Free on a New York Road and Was Surprised.

A woman with red hair and black brows climbed the stairs to a Third avenue elevated station yesterday and searched through her purse for a nickel. She could find none, and the seller of tickets awaited with that impressive patience we learn to expect in every one who takes our money. Finally, after displaying everything in her wallet to the agent, so that he know her possessions as well as she did, the woman took out a bill and laid it before him. He flipped the ticket through the wicket and shoved after it a handful of the smallest coins he had in stock. She swept them into her purse and had started forward when another woman approached from the street. That comforted the ticket seller. He had wanted an excuse for telling his first patron to "step lively." But before he could employ his amiable formula the second woman and the first woman discovered an acquaintanceship — not to say friendly regard.

"Oh, so glad to meet you," said the new woman.

"So am I," was the red haired lady's response. "Never mind your purse. I am just buying my own ticket." And she pushed back a dime and said, "One, please."

"That's Canadian. I can't take it," exclaimed the agent, losing most of the remnant of his temper.

"I just took it from you. I'd like to know" —

"Don't make any difference. I can't take Canadian dimes. The company won't take them from me."

"Neither will I."

"Come, come. You are blocking the way there."

"And I'll block it till midnight if you try to play counterfeit coin on me."

"Madam, I will call" —

"You better keep this Canadian money. You'll need it after a bit, when you run away for embezzlement."

He glared through his wicket, but her red hair conquered him. The crowd behind was impatient and siding against him. A train was coming, and the vitriolic lady seemed nearer and nearer the point of leaping through the window at him. He made an impatient sweep of surrender, and two tickets and a good dime lay before her.

It was only after she and her friend found seats side by side in the train that her dark brows unbent, and she discovered she was 5 cents ahead of the railroad company. — New York Herald.

Taking No Chances

1895

George Harris, the negro who assaulted a young man at Uniontown because the latter had called him an "artist" and "aristocrat," is described as a civil, inoffensive fellow, who would not have committed the act had he been able to find a dictionary to learn the meaning of the words. No such book was handy, however, and Harris did not propose to take any chances and made a vicious attack on the young man with a hatchet. — Louisville Courier-Journal.


A Reflection

Landlady — I'm always forgetting — do you take cream in your coffee, Mr. Spluds?
Mr. Spluds (a pessimistic boarder) — Very seldom in this house, madam. — Detroit Free Press.


Wrangling Therewith

"You want a divorce from your wife, do you?"
"Yes, sir, I do."
"What grounds?"
"Incompatibility. She and the cook are quarreling continually." — Detroit Tribune.


Possibly George Won't Either

She — I brought George to my feet last night.
Her Rival — I always said that lace shoes would never stay tied. — Syracuse Post.


Trivia

The Minnesota river was named by the Indians, from the words, Minni-Sotah, meaning "green water."

The Gas institute of London, for the purpose of improving the methods in gas engineering, was founded in 1863.

His Detective Work

1895

STORY OF HOW RICHARD VAUX RAN DOWN A FAMOUS COUNTERFEITER.

Colonel Monroe Edwards' Threat to Kill the Recorder, Which Was Not Carried Out — A Noted Duel Which Grew Out of the Trial — Evarts Was In the Case.

Richard Vaux was not only famous as a jurist and statesman, but over half a century ago achieved widespread fame as a detective in the case of Colonel Monroe Edwards in Philadelphia, in October, 1841. Edwards, who was a native of Russellville, Ky., astounded the world by the boldness and success of his operations as a forger, his last offense realizing $44,000, which was secured by a series of forged letters and cotton warehouse receipts.

Judge Loundes, a famous criminal lawyer, was engaged to hunt down the culprit. He was located in Philadelphia, and Richard Vaux, then recorder of the city, by shrewd detective work, discovered the forger's stopping place. On going to the house the recorder rang the bell, leaving Judge Loundes and Mr. Hart a little to one side from the door. A servant girl answered to the bell.

"I want to see Colonel Monroe Edwards," said the recorder. "Is he in?"

She replied that he was, and Mr. Vaux immediately walked into the parlor. Between the parlor and the back room there was a door, and it was evident from the rattle of the knives and forks that those within the other apartment were engaged in a meal. There was no one in the parlor, and the girl went through the door and said something. A moment later a fine looking man came into the parlor. He was about 5 feet 9 inches in height, admirably proportioned, with hair as black as the raven's wing and dark eyes that shot a piercing glance from under dark eyebrows. He was dressed with scrupulous exactness and wore a large amount of fine jewelry, evidently paying a great deal of attention to his personal appearance. The recorder approached him and said:

"Good evening, Colonel Monroe Edwards. I believe you are Colonel Monroe Edwards, if I recollect aright?"

"I am that person," was the reply, "and am very glad to see you."

The identity ascertained, the recorder gave the preconcerted signal, and Judge Loundes, Mr. Hart, Captain Young and the police entered the room. Mr. Vaux directed Captain Young to put the handcuffs on Edwards, which was done. The prisoner made no remarks of any kind, and said not a word. The recorder, having completed his duties in the affair, was about to leave the room, when a very agile, slim, light colored mulatto boy of about 16 years rushed at the official with a long knife in his hand, and made a lunge at him with the weapon. So quick was the movement that there was nothing for the recorder to do but knock his assailant down and take the knife from him, which he did. Two or three persons, probably boarders, came into the room at that moment, and the mulatto disappeared, and was never afterward seen in this city, though "he" was afterward found to be a woman who traveled with Edwards in male attire.

The forger's trunks were secured, and Recorder Vaux gathered the evidence with peculiar detective ability.

The trial came off in the city of New York before Judge William Kent, a son of Chancellor Kent. Thomas Francis Marshall of Kentucky, Mr. Edmunds and a young gentleman named Evarts were counsel for the accused. Mr. Vaux, in recognition of the judicial functions of his office, was invited to take a seat beside the Judge on the bench. The appearance and demeanor of the young lawyer named Evarts attracting his attention, he said to Judge Kent, "Who is that young gentleman?"

"His name is Evarts," replied the judge, and I think he has the making of a lawyer in him."

It was the famous William M. Evarts, since then admittedly at the head of the American bar.

Edwards was convicted and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, mainly upon the testimony of Recorder Vaux. At the close of the trial the prisoner, with studied politeness, looked Mr. Vaux piercingly in the eyes. "I am glad to have this opportunity of speaking to you," he said. "I want to say one thing to you that is important for you to remember. I am going to kill you the moment I come out of Sing Sing. I give you this notice as from one gentleman to another."

"I am very thankful to you, Colonel Edwards," replied the recorder, with the same politeness, "for giving me this timely notice. It is very gentlemanly of you to do so. I will give you the opportunity at any time you desire. I have only done my duty and am prepared to take the consequences. I only ask of you that when you make the attempt you will look me in the face."

As Mr. Vaux said these words he gazed fixedly into the forger's face. The man turned white and trembled, for he read in his captor's countenance the justifiable determination to kill him should he ever dare to face him after his release. Not another word was spoken between them, for at that moment the officers led the prisoner away. He never attempted to carry his threat into effect, for he died in prison in January, 1847.

As a sequel to the trial came the duel between Tom Marshall and Colonel James Watson Webb. Marshall was a member of congress at the time of the Edwards trial, and for defending the brilliant criminal at the same time that he was a representative of the American people in Washington he was severely criticised by Colonel James Watson Webb in the columns of the New York Courier and Enquirer, of which journal that gentleman was the editor. In his address to the jury Marshall answered the newspaper criticism in that bitter style of invective of which he was the master. This led to a challenge and a meeting on the so called "field of honor." The congressman shot the famous editor in the knee and lamed him for life. — Cincinnati Enquirer.

In a Woman's Stomach

1895

In 1892 a woman died at Albany who had for a number of years been possessed with an uncontrollable desire to swallow all sorts of indigestible substances. A record kept by the physician who performed the autopsy gives the following as a list of the articles found in her stomach: Fifty-one hairpins, 16 needles, 3 darning needles, 32 nails of all sizes, 2 screws, 3 pieces of iron rod 3 inches long and one-fourth of an inch thick, 2 rolls of hair, 2 pieces of wood and 3 pieces of cloth, each of the latter being about 5 inches long and an inch wide. — St. Louis Republic.


A Dramatic Unity

Manager — Why don't you pay better attention? You nearly always miss your cue.
Actor (who hasn't seen the ghost walk for some time) — I guess I don't miss my cue any oftener than you miss my V or X. — Detroit Free Press.

Studying the Brain

1895

MODERN SCIENCE KNOWS HOW WE THINK, SEE, HEAR AND FEEL.

Locating Brain Diseases by Observing the Action of Parts of the Body — Curious Things Brain Experts Have Discovered From Experiments.

Definite knowledge has recently been acquired regarding the anatomy of the human mind. It is now understood, with a fair degree of accuracy, where and how ideas of various kinds originate in different parts of the so called gray matter.

The organ of thought has been divided up into sections, as it were, which are severally responsible for the creation of ideas and images of many classes. Certain areas of brain surface are recognized as controlling vision, hearing, taste, smell and vocal speech, while others govern the muscular mechanism of the body. If you move your big toe, you direct its motion by orders conveyed from a point of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the very middle of the top of the skull.

At the University of Pennsylvania important work in this line of scientific research is being carried on under the direction of Dr. Lightner Witmer. He has a laboratory fitted up with all sorts of queer looking machinery for finding out how long it takes people to think, to see, to hear, to feel, to distinguish colors and other such things. There are models of brains, which one may take apart and put together again as if they were Chinese puzzles.

Most of the knowledge thus obtained has been got by studying the brains of lower animals, chiefly dogs and monkeys. It does not always follow that what is true of a monkey is true of a man, and scientists have been led into a good many errors by assumptions of that kind. Unfortunately it is not practicable to make experiments upon living human brains, save in exceptional eases where surgical operations have to be performed on them. But it is very easy to remove a portion of the skull of a monkey and to observe how the beasts acts when stimulation — electricity is usually employed for the purpose — is applied to one portion or another of the surface.

Acquaintance with the so called motor areas has become so accurate that a disease of a part of the brain can usually be located with exactness by observation of the muscles of the body. An abnormal wiggle of the big toe would lead the physician to look for trouble in the middle of the top of the head. Maybe there would be no cure for it, and then again perhaps something might be done. If it were ascertained that the patient had received a blow there, it might he imagined that a fracture previously unsuspected had occurred, causing pressure on the brain. In that case relief would probably be obtained by trephining.

An interesting instance on record is that of a girl who was suddenly seized with paralysis of one side of the face, accompanied by loss of power of speech. Within three or four days the paralysis passed downward from the arm to the body and finally to the leg on the same side. It was decided by the doctors that the symptoms indicated a brain hemorrhage up the fissure of Rolando and involving the areas corresponding to the arm and leg. The girl died, and a post mortem examination disclosed the fact that this was exactly what had occurred.

The fissure of Rolando runs across the top of the head from side to side and almost from ear to ear. In and about it are located the most important motor areas which govern the muscular movements of the body. The highest point corresponds to the toe. Following the fissure down the side of the head toward the ear comes the leg, next the arm and finally the face. That portion which represents the face is much more highly differentiated — i. e., split up into a great many smaller areas. Thanks to this arrangement, one is able to vary one's countenance with an almost infinite play of expression, every little muscle being under ready control.

Close by and associated with the area representing the face is that of vocal speech. This latter area is so highly differentiated that each letter and numeral seems to possess its own special tract. There is a case on record of a man who forgot the letters B, P, Q, X and Y and the numerals, 6, 7 and 8. In other respects he was all right. But he could not read because the letters mentioned were unknown to him. Of course he could not write either. He was unable to add 2 and 6 because 6 was unknown to him. When he tried to write out the word "six," he could only get as far as the first two letters, inasmuch as "x" was forgotten.

People remember things in different ways, according to the habit of the individual. For example, you ask one man when Columbus discovered America, and he will reply 1492 promptly, having a visual picture of the figures forming that date in his mind. But another person will recall the date not in that manner at all, but by sound. In the latter case it may be the centers of hearing that furnish the memory, but it is more likely to be those of vocal speech. The host spellers are visualists. They see mental pictures of words, spelling them by reading them off as if from a blackboard. Lots of folks have no such pictures at all. Most of them seem to depend chiefly, if not wholly, upon the habit of using the letters and syllables in certain forms of speaking.

The part of the brain belonging to and representing each sense — seeing, hearing or what not — seems to be a complete little brain in itself. A banker of Frankfort lost the use of his visual brain for purposes of memory and was obliged to begin like a child and train his auditory brain. The orator, whose words pour out in an eloquent flood, as it self inspired, possesses centers of vocal speech which are highly developed, constituting in themselves a brain capable of doing its own thinking, as it were. — New York World.