139 Ask To "Shoot" Niagara In A Boat

1920

MANY ANSWER MOVIE COMPANY ADVERTISEMENT.

Most of Applicants Seek $1,000 Offered — Others Want Thrill or Experience.

NEW YORK, N. Y. — Think of going over Niagara Falls in a houseboat!

Death came to Charles George Stevens when he tried to ride the 153-foot cataract In a barrel.

Yet 139 husky, red-blooded American young men have gone on record as being ready to try the stunt in a houseboat.

An advertisement appeared recently in one of the New York daily newspapers calling for a man to go over Niagara Falls in a houseboat for a motion picture film. The reward offered was $1,000. The producer expected that possibly five men might apply.

Imagine his astonishment when 139 applicants put in an appearance. Among them was Allan Law, brother of Ruth and Rodman Law.

Majority ex-Army Men.

The majority of those who applied were ex-service men who were overseas. Having faced German bullets in France, they said they were more than willing to attempt Niagara for a thousand dollars. Another interesting fact was that the average age of the applicants was 23 years. Only a few were over 25. The oldest applicant was 48 years of age.

Practically every nationality was represented, and among them were two men who did not know what Niagara Falls is. Upon being informed and being shown pictures of the falls, one of them backed out. Of all who applied, this man and one other were the only ones who resigned.

Another interesting applicant was Frank Dupree, newspaper correspondent, who made the first long-distance aeroplane flight in 1913 from Dover, England, to Cologne, Germany.

Most of 'Em After the Money.

When asked the reasons for seeking so hazardous a job, the majority said "money." Others were lured by the chance for adventure. Practically all were fatalists, who did not for a moment consider the risk. Another interesting feature was the fact that among them were four bank clerks, three security salesmen and one life insurance salesman.

A specially constructed houseboat was made to be used. It includes the compartment and bulkhead construction principle used in lifeboats and the hulls of ocean liners. Tests of the craft show that its scientific construction has reduced to a minimum the risk incurred by the daredevil who rides over the falls.

Stevens, who lost his life in a barrel try at the stunt. was a barber in England, where his wife and eleven children live. He had made parachute drops, high dives and similar feats many times. He used to put his head in a lion's mouth in a circus.

But the question now is — will the motion picture stunt be called off?

—The Saturday Blade, Chicago, Aug. 7, 1920, p. 3.

Film Star Called as Poker Witness

1920

Norma Talmadge to Testify in Peculiar Case

New Yorker Arrested, Accused of Cheating Celebrities Out of $350,000 at Cards

NEW YORK, N, Y., March 18. — The last card in Broadway's sensational stud poker season was turned down by Justice Kernochan in the Court of Special Sessions.

It was a warrant for the arrest of Louis Krohnberg, wealthy manufacturer of women's wear, at whose home Norma Talmadge and other New York celebrities are said to have lost approximately $350,000 by the use of marked cards.

Discovery of cheating, it is said, was made during the final game of the series played at the home of Joseph Schenck, husband of Norma Talmadge.

Exposed by Actress

Guests at the party, which was held on New Year's Eve, ascribe most of the credit for the detection to Miss Talmadge, whose husband brought about a dramatic denoument by betting wildly into Krohnberg's pair of aces with a pair of kings, and then kicking Krohnberg into the street on the show down.

At the hearing Jacob Silverman, who appeared as complainant, testified that he had lost $7,300 at Krohnberg's home, and, suspecting dishonesty, had taken away one of the decks used in the game. The cards, he said, were later found to be "readers," the fleur-de-lis on their backs being marked in such a way that the player in the secret could recognise them.

Huge Penalty Possible

All the participants in the games, including Miss Talmadge, will be required to testify when Krohnberg is brought to trial. In the event that Krohnberg is found guilty, five times the amount of the players' losses may be collected and distributed among charities designated by the State.

There is some dispute concerning the amount lost by the players. Mr. Silverman says $530,000 is an approximate estimate. Krohnberg's attorneys deny all the charges and display checks aggregating $68,000 indorsed by Mr. Schneck and others as payees, which, they say, represent losses suffered by their client.

Gum Chewing Girls Bother Movie Fan

1920

Their Jaws Work So Rapidly That His View Is Obstructed

UNIONTOWN, N. Y. — Andrew Touser is the movie bug of the village. Touser has not missed a picture since the show was started five years ago, but he threatens to quit if the management does not draw the line on the girls chewing gum during the performance.

Recently Touser entered a protest. He says that every night several young ladies take seats in front of him; that they do not remove their hats and as soon as they are seated commence to chew gum. Touser states that the girls work their jaws so rapidly that their hats bob up and down, thus obscuring his view. He says it is the bobbing of their hats which bothers him.

Manager H. H. Whaley promised Touser that he would talk to the girls and try to get them to give up the practice of chewing gun in the house.


Oldest Dog Is Registered

Canine Aged 19 Now Has Gray Hair Instead of Black

SANDUSKY, Ohio — The oldest dog in Erie County was registered for taxation here recently. It has just passed its 19th birthday, and is the property of H. M. Andress of Vermillon. When he came to the line in the application for registration referring to color, Andress wrote: "He was black, but he now has so many gray hairs that he is an iron gray in color."

City Man, 94, Has Never Seen a Movie

1920

Prefers to Live in Fond Memories of the Past

HARLAN, Iowa — William Blair of this city, 94 years old, and still bright of eye and keen of mind, has never seen a moving picture. For more than ten years he has lived within a few blocks of the local picture show, but could never be induced to attend.

His reasons are unique. He says: "I've lived longer than most men. Maybe I haven't traveled so much nor seen so many wonderful sights, but I've sure seen 'em plenty as far as I went. I suppose I've got as much out of livin' as any man and I don't care for any new fandangles. I just want to set here with my pipe and read the papers, and live over the pleasant places I've passed and forget the hard places as much as I can."

He was born in Virginia in 1825, on Thanksgiving day, and Thanksgiving day has been his birthday ever since, no matter on what date it fell.

Writer Says Age Doesn't Matter, Keep Going for Success

1921

Emerson Hough Says No "Dead Line" at 40, Former S.U.I. Man

By DALE E. CARRELL

There has long been a sort of "unwritten law," or at least common belief, that if a man didn't make his mark in the world or achieve real success by the time he was 40, he never would. After 40, it has been held, a man simply fights to hold his own or start down-grade.

But, along comes Emerson Hough, and proceeds to rip to pieces this so-called iron-clad rule which would end man's climbing of the ladder of fame at the age of 40. Mr. Hough very emphatically says, there is no dead line at two score "milestones," and the noted author points to his own life as an example and illustration to prove his point.

Emerson Hough is well known personally to many Iowans and Iowa City and University people for he is a graduate of S. U. I, having won his degree in 1880, just 41 years ago. The University of Iowa is very proud of her eminent alumnus and he is just as proud of his alma mater. And, those who do not know Mr. Hough personally, know him thru having read his delightful novel, "The Mississippi Bubble," which made him famous, almost overnight. Therefore, Mr. Hough's declaration will make Hawkeyes, especially, sit up and take notice.

Mr. Hough is now 63 years age and his big success in life did not come until he was 45. Up to the time that success came, he had tried numerous occupations and couldn't make good, or keep happy in any of them, but the former S. U. I. man never once gave up. He soon found, in writing, the real star to follow and he hitched his wagon to it. He is now an author and wealthy. He says "It is within your soul — this question of achievement. It is not decided by the clock or the calendar."

Mr. Hough's statement should hearten a lot of fellows who haven't really found themselves after the 40 mark has been passed, and his own career should serve to inspire confidence and instill new energy in some of the faithful plodders who have almost given up hope. Hough didn't give up during the days of adversity — that is the main thing to remember. Keep on trying and even if you are nearer 60 than you are 40, you can still strike, in the vernacular of the oil field, a "gusher" in some field of endeavor, that means real success. Let no one set a "dead line" for you — you have everything to say about that yourself. The movie director continually yells for "action" when he is making the film you are soon to enjoy on the screen. If you can provide plenty of "action" in your struggle for success, you will not only achieve it, but keep pushing that "dead line" farther and farther away. There is no "dead line" at 40!

—Iowa City Press-Citizen, Iowa City, IA April 11, 1921, p. 1.

Movie Theater Orchestras Developing Taste for Classical Music

1926

GOOD MUSIC IS MORE POPULAR

MOVIE THEATER ORCHESTRAS HAVE TENDED TO DEVELOP TASTE FOR BETTER CLASS OF MUSIC

Chicago. — Disguised as hand maiden of the cinema, classical music is becoming popular.

Popular, "that is, compared with the classical taste in this country ten years ago. In Chicago, the change is perceptible in all the larger picture houses. One company for instance, which operates six of the largest houses, has announced it has already spent more for music this year than for pictures.

Boon For Good Music

Adolphe Dumont, former Chicago grand opera conductor now directing music in one of the theatres, evaluated this changing public taste as a boon not only for good music but also for good musicians. His own orchestra, he said, has just been increased to more than fifty pieces.

"More grand opera music is played in the large motion picture houses each day," he said, "than played by grand opera orchestras in week. We play grand opera four times a day, week days, and five times Sunday. The grand opera orchestras and Symphony orchestras hardly ever play a program more than three times a week.

Opera Interprets Emotions

"A public demand for more and better music has been recognized. Eight years of patient work, interpreting the emotions of the movies, as only grand opera music can do, created the demand.

"Day after day, showing sometimes slapstick comedy to the tune of the Ride of the Valkyries; love scenes to strains from Tristran and Isolde and Charlie Chaplin's antics to Debussy's 'Girl of the Flaxen Hair,' the moving picture orchestras have given audiences a taste for classical music that many of them would have formerly disavowed. Great music consequently has found a new significance, and importance. It gives motion pictures dramatic intensity."

—Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune, Wisconsin Rapids, WI, Aug. 12, 1926, p. 12.

If They Prohibit Booze in Movies, No More Drunken Bullies to Fight

1919

WILL THE DRY WAVE AFFECT THE MOVIES

Here's Henry Lehrman's Humorous Account of Substituting Tea for Booze

The recent intimation that the depiction of intoxicating liquors and their effect on the consumers thereof will in future be taboo in motion pictures has brought consternation to the hearts of producers, who have already begun to wonder what will happen when the reels are really removed from the films. Henry Lehrman, the noted comedy producer, having duly sworn, deposes and says:

If wet goods must disappear from film comedy, bald-headed theatre patrons may find comfort in the fact that dry goods are following in the same pathway.

Many a film actor will sprain his ankle within the next few months, when he strides up to a coffee counter and reaches for the rail.

It is a sad thing to realize that the kick in comedies must now be registered entirely with the feet.

Picture the hero, disappointed in love, rushing off to a tea room and making a beast of himself on Lipton's Best.

How can he save the heroine from the drunken bully, if there are no drunken bullies?

We will now be confronted with the spectacle of the weak but willing hero going west to fight off an inherited craving for orange phosphate, and clapping on a gas mask every time he approaches a fruit stand.

If a ship captain can't take a schooner over the bar, will they even prevent his making port in a storm? Can we show a horse's neck or a bier? How about the old parlor wood-box, if there happens to be a stick in it?

We are ruined! They're going to take the punch out of the pictures!

—Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, Fort Wayne, IN, Aug. 10, 1919, section 4, p. 5.

At 84, He's the Oldest Western Union Messenger "Boy"

1920

IS OLDEST MESSENGER 'BOY'

Snowy Haired "Uncle John" of Luting, Tex., Speeds With Telegrams at Eighty-Four

Luling, Tex. — J. E. Palmer of this city probably enjoys the distinction of being the oldest messenger "boy" in the world. At the age of eighty-four he works for the Western Union from 8 a. m. until 6 p. m., delivering messages from one end of the city to the other.

Palmer was born in Flemingsburg, Ky., January 29, 1832, and fought all through the Civil war.

"Uncle John," as he is better known, came to Caldwell county in 1836. He is snowy haired and slightly bent.



She Was a Movie "Fiend"

Logansport, Ind. — Mrs. Manando McCabe, thirty-eight years old, was declared insane by a commission in Justice Reid's court here. She had been a regular attendant at the moving picture shows, and during the last few weeks has been under the hallucination that she is "Queen of the Movies."



Stole Her Gold Tooth

Bellaire, 0hio — While she was sleeping quietly several nights ago, someone entered Mrs. Russell Gordon's room and took a gold tooth from her mouth, deftly prying it from the crown. Police are looking for one of her boarders.

—The Appleton Daily Post, Appleton, Wisconsin, January 7, 1920, page 3.

Actor Sues Movie Concern

1920--

Capt. Robert Warwick Demands $525,644 for Breach of Contract

NEW YORK, N.Y., May 20. -- Capt. Robert Warwick, motion picture star and former member of the A. E. F., filed suit in the Federal District court against the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation for $525,644, which he alleges the company owes him on a three year contract.

Warwick claims that on Jan. 30, 1919, he signed a contract by which he was to receive $133,000 for the first year, $148,500 the second year, and $180,000 the third. In addition, he alleges, the company agreed to pay him for certain accident and other insurance premiums.

He states he went to work for the company April 1, 1919, and that on April 7, 1920, he was discharged without cause in violation of his contract and to the detriment of his professional standing as an actor.

--The Saturday Blade, Chicago, May 22, 1920, page 4.

Pastor Marries Couple In Bathing Suit, May or May Not Have Involved a Mud-Hole

Lawton, Oklahoma, 1922
----------
["Saturday" was April 29, 1922]

ABDUCTION OF LAWTON MINISTER STILL UNEXPLAINED; VICTIM FOUND BOUND AND GAGGED IN MUD-HOLE, BUT IS NOT HURT

Associated Press Dispatch.

LAWTON, Ok., May 1. - Both factions of his congregation here today were discussing the abduction Saturday night of Rev. Thomas J. Irwin, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, who was found lying in a mud-filled ditch twelve miles east of here shortly after midnight Saturday, bound and gagged and in a semi-conscious condition. There was much speculation as to what action Rev. Mr. Irwin would take in the matter, for beyond saying that he recognized none of the three men who felled with a blow on the head on a street here and then took him in an automobile to the place where he was found, the pastor has not made a statement as to what he intended doing about it.

Faction Sought His Removal

Rev. Mr. Irwin, whose removal is being sought by a portion of his flock because he married a couple in a public bathing pool, exhibited moving pictures in his church and preached the funeral sermon over Jake L. Hamon more than a year ago, is to be tried by his presbytery on charges of conduct unbecoming of a minister on May 9. Recently he announced that certain persons were trying to intimidate him and force him to leave town.

Threatened Once Before

Saturday night was the second time within two months that he has been approached by three men. The first time, he said, he was confronted by a trio as he was leaving his church one Sunday night and at the point of guns warned to leave town.

Rev. Mr. Irwin lay in the mud-hole approximately three and a half hours before five persons in an automobile bound for Medicine Park, a resort near here, picked him up and took him to the residence of Senator J. E. Thomas nearby, where first aid was administered.

Escaped Uninjured

Irwin today reiterated his belief that the men had chloroformed him after rendering him unconscious. He was not injured by the men, he said, and today appeared none the worse for his experience.


Associated Press Dispatch.

LAWTON, Ok., May 1. -Resignation of the session, the executive body of the First Presbyterian church here, with the announcement that it would complain to the Oklahoma Synod against what it termed the "persecution" of the pastor, the Rev. Thomas J. Irwin, and a statement by the minister that members of a church faction were responsible for his abduction by three unidentified men late Saturday night, were developments today in the attempt of a part of the church membership to have Irwin removed. The judicial commission of the governing presbytery will hear on May 3 charges against Irwin, alleged misconduct unbecoming a minister.

Charges Against Presbytery

The session, which has supported Irwin thruout unanimously adopted a resolution, before resigning, declaring that the El Reno Presbytery, which has jurisdiction over the local church has "been unfair, unchristian, unpresbyterian and irregular in all its proceedings against the pastor and the session." The resolution further charged that the action of the Presbytery constituted "the darkest chapter in the annals of Presbyterianism in the United States, more cruel than the Spanish inquisition."

--Denton Record-Chronicle, Denton, Texas, May 1, 1922, page 1.



STARTS PROBE OF LAWTON KIDNAPING

Abduction of Minister Outside Hands of Church — County Steps In.

(Associated Press.)

LAWTON, Okla., May 2.—The Lawton Presbyterian church controversy got outside the confines of the church today, when county authorities took a hand.

A civil court of inquiry was under way, directed by County Attorney Riley who has undertaken to determine the identity of three men who last Saturday night abducted the pastor, the Rev. Thomas J. Irwin and threw him into a ditch outside Lawton, half conscious and tied and gagged.

Filing of criminal charges, the county attorney said, would depend on the outcome of the investigation. The county attorney today prepared subpoenaes for about thirty persons who had been ousted from Pastor Irwin's church by the church session or executive board, with the sanction of Mr. Irwin and who have joined the movement to have him expelled from the Lawton pulpit.

Mr. Riley said all the suspended members or anti-Irwin factionists would be interrogated about abduction and asked to explain their whereabouts on the night the alleged slugging and kidnapping took place.

Pastor Irwin and three members of the church session were called in last night and questioned at length when the county attorney decided to convene the Inquiry court.

--The Lincoln Star, Lincoln, Nebraska, May 2, 1922, page 7.



LAWTON PASTOR CALLED BEFORE PROBERS TODAY

Scandalized Minister Will Explain Conduct To Judicial Board.

RESIGNATION HINTED

Irwin Announces He May Quit Church That Put Fire On His Head.

(By the Associated Press)

LAWTON, May 9. -The judicial commission of the El Reno Presbytery, which has jurisdiction in this territory, met here this morning to hear charges of "conduct unbecoming a minister of the Presbyterian church" against the Rev. Thomas J. Irwin, pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Lawton.

Mr. Irwin announced recently that he would resign from the church and his request for dissolution of his pastoral relations with the local church was to be presented to the commission this morning. This action, in the opinion of the Presbytery, will eliminate the necessity of a trial.

When Jake L. Hamon was buried at Ardmore more than two years ago, the Rev. Mr. Irwin preached the funeral services, eulogizing the former republican national committeeman. The pastor had been a constant supporter of Hamon and this with the funeral service brought dismay to his congregation, split the church, and resulted in part of the congregation leaving. Then last summer the minister married a couple in a bathing pool at a summer resort here, and more withdrawals from the church followed.

Who Fired Church?

Recent fires were discovered in that portion of the church built by Mr. Hamon and arrangements were made to destroy the motion picture booth placed in the church by Hamon. Then later, on Saturday night, the pastor was abducted by three unidentified persons, and he was found several hours later in a mud-hole near a summer resort near this place.

An investigation by county authorities followed, the result being that charges of arson were filed against the pastor and a member of the church board of session, which had resigned. Arraignment on this charge is scheduled for tomorrow. The county attorney announced that his investigation of the alleged abduction led him to believe that it had been arranged and the matter was dropped.

--The Ada Evening News, Ada, Oklahoma, May 9, 1922, page 1.



MINISTER'S FROCK TORN FROM IRWIN

LAWTON PASTOR HELD GUILTY IN THREE CHARGES

Rigid Secrecy Is Followed in Hearing Before Presbytery.

IS DENIED COUNSEL

Defendant Is Silent On Trial But Announces He Will Appeal.

LAWTON, July 28.—By his conviction at the secret trial on the widely heralded bathing suit charge, and allegations of perjury and high handed discipline of members of his flock, the Rev. Thomas J. Irwin former pastor of the Lawton Presbyterian church, was unfrocked as a minister of the Presbyterian church in the United States of America early today by the judiciary commission of the El Reno presbytery. "You are indefinitely suspended as a minister of the Presbyterian church in the United States of America and may the Lord have mercy upon you," read the verdict of the trial body.

The expulsion of Irwin from the ministry came as a close of the episode growing out of the bitter controversy in the Lawton church. The convicted minister gave notice to the trial commission of an appeal to the synod of Oklahoma, the next highest body in the church. The synod is scheduled to meet in October.

Mr. Irwin was found guilty of conduct unbecoming a minister in performing a marriage ceremony last summer in Medicine Park, a resort near here, in which the principals, including the minister, wore bathing suits. It is alleged that the wedding was conducted in a spirit of revelry, bringing disrepute upon the church.

He was convicted of having sworn a false affidavit to obtain a district court injunction restraining interference with his conduct of the affairs of the Lawton church.

Undue Discipline Charged

The third count upon which the jury voted guilty was disciplining of members of his congregation without due process provided by church regulations.

Rigid secrecy was maintained as to the trial procedure although it was known that a number of members and former members of the Lawton church were called to testify.

Mr. Irwin refused to comment on the verdict. He had previously announced, however, that he would carry the issue even to the general assembly of the Presbyterian church if the outcome of the trial should be adverse.

Mr. Irwin conducted his own defense at the trial having been denied the right of counsel.

It was announced that he filed a motion during the proceedings asking disqualification of two members of the commission, J. E. McQueen and J. H. Webb, alleging bias and unfairness. The motion was overruled.

Weight to Represent Irwin in Appeal

OKLAHOMA CITY, July 28. — Rev. Thomas J. Irwin, former pastor of the first Presbyterian church at Lawton, today suspended as a minister, will be represented by Rev. C. C. Weigh of Ardmore in his appeal to the Oklahoma synod from his conviction yesterday at his secret trial before the El Reno presbytery on three counts of ecclesiastical charges.

This announcement was made here by the Eugene Hamilton of Chickasha, Irwin's attorney, who arrived today from Lawton after a conference with the former pastor. Hamilton was not allowed to appear in Irwin's behalf at the trial and the minister conducted his own defense.

In a statement to newspaper men Attorney Hamilton emphasized that Irwin was suspended from the ministry and not from the church, and that he can be reinstated at any time the presbytery sees fit.

--The Ada Evening News, Ada, Oklahoma, July 28, 1922, page 1.



PASTOR LOSES SYNOD APPEAL

Bathing Pool Marriage Ceremony Origin of Rev. Irwin's Troubles

TULSA, Okla., Oct. 13.—The conviction of the Rev. Thomas J. Irwin, of Lawton, on charges of conduct unbecoming to a minister, and his indefinite suspension from the ministry was upheld early today by the judicial commission of the Presbyterian synod of Oklahoma, after a review of the findings of the El Reno presbytery before which Mr. Irwin was recently tried.

Counsel for the suspended minister gave notice that the case would be appealed to the general assembly or the Presbyterian church which meets next May in Indianapolis.

THREE CHARGES ADVANCED.

The Rev. Irwin was convicted on three counts. He was found guilty of having brought disrepute on the church by marrying a couple in a bathing pool at a summer resort near Lawton. The bride and groom and the minister wore bathing suits. The other charges were that he swore to a false affidavit to obtain an injunction in district court to prevent members of his congregation in Lawton from interfering with his conduct of the affairs of the church, and that he had disciplined members of the congregation without due process.

Mr. Irwin faces trial in district court at Lawton on a charge of arson in connection with an alleged incendiary fire at his former church.

"ATTACKS" DISCREDITED.

The fire occurred while he was still pastor. The minister was found outside Lawton on two occasions, this summer suffering from attacks he attributed to men who, he charged were trying to drive him out of Lawton.

The county attorney, after an investigation, declared that the abductions were "framed by the minister himself."

Charges have been made repeatedly by friends and counsel for Mr. Irwin that the whole controversy at Lawton grew out of the pastor's friendship for the late Jake Hamon, Republican national committeeman of Oklahoma, for whose death Clara Smith Hamon. was tried at Ardmore for murder.

The Ogden Standard-Examiner, Ogden City, Utah, October 13, 1922, page 7.



From an account of the Presbyterian Church of the United States of America's general assembly, May 24, 1923:

The only case of wide importance reviewed was the appeal of the Rev. Thomas J. Irwin, of Lawton, Okla., from the verdict of the El Reno Presbytery and the Oklahoma Presbytery, indefinitely suspending him from the ministry on charges of conduct unbecoming a minister, violation of his ordination vows and violation of church laws. The Rev. Mr. Irwin came into prominence when he preached a sermon defending the private life of one of his former parishoners, the late Jake Hamon, former Republican national committeeman, who was shot to death by a woman relative. Later he was charged with having married a couple while he and the other principals were dressed in bathing suits, and his troubles with the Presbytery growing out of that affair included civil and criminal court actions, an attempt to burn his church, charges that he had set the fire, two assaults in which he was badly beaten by masked men, and other occurrences.

The judicial commission found that the sentence of indefinite suspension which, the report said "is the ecclesiastical capital punishment," was too severe, and that a reprimand or very limited suspension would have been sufficient. It therefore, recommended, and the Assembly approved, that Mr. Irwin should be restored to membership in the El Reno Presbytery and given a letter to any Presbytery to which he might choose to transfer.

--The Landmark, Statesville, North Carolina, May 28, 1923, page 2.