Bread Baked 560 B. C.

1895

The stalest bread on record is an Assyrian loaf which has been discovered by a French explorer, M. Monthon. This loaf is supposed to have been leavened and baked about the year 560 B. C. It is round, not unlike the common bun in shape and in color of a delicate brown. It is, we understand, in perfect condition, having been found, along with the remnants of several similar loaves, wrapped in cloth, in a tightly sealed sarcophagus, the custom being quite common in Assyria, as in Egypt, to inclose food in the tombs of the illustrious dead. M. Monthon has offered this curiosity, we hear, to the British museum authorities. — Invention.

On the Antiquity of the Saw

1916

The saw is the earliest tool that has been traced in Egyptian history. It was found first in the form of a notched bronze knife in the third dynasty, or about 5,000 years before the Christian era, and was followed in the fourth and fifth dynasties by larger toothed saws, which were used by carpenters, but there are no dated specimens until the seventh century before the Christian era, when the Assyrians used iron saws.

The first knives on record were made out of flint and were in fact saws with minute teeth. They probably were used for cutting up animals, as the teeth would break away even on soft wood. Rasps, which are but a form of saw, were first made of sheets of bronze, punched and coiled round, but the Assyrians in the seventh century used the straight rasp made of iron similar to the modern type.

In the present day the saw is probably used more than any other tool. It has taken three distinct forms for the working of both wood and metal — the straight saw, the band saw, and the circular saw.