In Jail for Dog Tax

New York, 1895

Gustave Ritchenbach, a farmer, living at West Hills, near Huntington, was taken to the county jail in Riverhead Wednesday morning in default of $5 dog tax and $8.25 costs. A tax is levied on dogs in the town of Huntington, but great difficulty has always been experienced in its collection. Recently the town authorities agreed to rigidly enforce the tax. The amount realized by this tax is used to reimburse farmers whose sheep get killed presumably by dogs.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, N.Y., Jan. 18, 1895, unknown page number.

Sudden Death of a Farmer

New York, 1895

Abram Bennett of Queens dropped dead yesterday morning from heart disease. He was a well known farmer and an exemplary citizen. He went to the breakfast table in good spirits and ate as heartily as usual. As he arose from the table he fell to the floor and died in a few seconds. He was about 52 years of age and leaves a widow and one daughter.

—The Long Island Farmer, Jamaica, N.Y., Jan. 18, 1895, unknown page number.

The Polka Dot

1919

Because in 1835 a Bohemian peasant girl danced a new step in a little village near the Polish border a Hungarian dancing master introduced it in Europe under the name of Polka, which is the feminine of Polak or Pole. By 1844, at the time James K. Polk was running for the presidency, the dance had spread to America and the name "Polk" and the word "Polka" formed a coincidence at once appealing to everyone. The manufacturers, merchants and designers immediately presented Polka hats, Polka shoes, Polka gauze and the "newest design in fabrics for gentlewomen."


Pretty Smart Chickens

A recent morning a Missouri farmer placed three crates of chickens and five bushels of potatoes in his trailer, hitched the trailer to his automobile and started for town. He was almost there when he discovered he had no trailer. He found he had parted company with it a quarter of a mile from home, and when he got back to it the crates were empty and the potatoes frozen.

He presumed, of course, the chickens had been stolen, and was greatly surprised when he went to the henhouse early next day after breakfast to find every one of the chickens there. Not one was missing. They had all returned home, but how they got out of the crates probably will always remain a mystery.

The Boy Who Tipped the Scales to a Generous 450 Pounds

Raised In Nebraska

Not long ago one of the most corpulent persons in the country died at Cedar Rapids, Neb. His name was C. Hemingson and his photograph was submitted to GRIT by Roy Meson, of Cedar Rapids. Hemingson was but 17 years old when he died. He weighed 450 pounds. In spite of his immense proportions he managed to move about quite actively. He was helping to extinguish a small fire when he succumbed to over-exertion. He was born and raised on a farm near Cedar Rapids.

—Grit

Farmer Solves Mystery of Disappearing Chickens

Indiana, 1906

CAUGHT CHICKEN THIEF

Thomas Covington Solves Mystery of Disappearing Fowls

Repeated thefts of chickens from the farm of Thomas Covington, on the Covington road, west of the city, were solved this morning when Mr. Covington discovered that a steel trap which he had set last night to catch the thief had been drawn entirely through the small opening into the chicken-roost. Mr. Covington in triumph drew the trap and its prisoner into open daylight, acquiring at the same time a knowledge of the identity of the thief and a closer and more intimate acquaintance with a member of the skunk family than he had ever before enjoyed during his long experience as a farmer.

—The Fort Wayne Sentinel, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Feb. 24, 1906, p. 1.

Twin Chickens from One Egg – Farmer Won't Sell Them

1899

Twin Chickens

Twenty-five dollars for a pair of spring chickens is a liberal price, yet a Massachusetts farmer rejected it. His pair of chickens, he thinks, are quite unique, for they are twins, five weeks old, and it is said that two chickens born from a single egg have never before been proved to live beyond eight days.

The buff brahma hen laid rather a large egg, yet no one thought much about it until one morning the farmer saw two bills instead of one trying to break out of the shell. He quickly removed the egg to the kitchen, extricated the two chicks, wrapped them in cotton batting, and placed them in the oven.

For three weeks the chickens were kept indoors on a diet of malted milk and brandy dropped down their throats with a medicine dropper. The twins are now hale and hearty, and run about the yard as vigorously as any of their comrades. One peculiarity, however, distinguishes them from their mates, They are exclusive little aristocrats and neither of them will associate with any other chicken except his twin. — Youth's Companion.

Wire Replacing Old-Time Fence

1921

Stone Walls, Split Rails and Hedges Rapidly Being Discarded by Farm Owners

MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS

Essential That Ends and Cornets Be Erected Firm and Solid—Posts Should Be Large Enough to Give Needed Strength.

(Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.)

Of all the changes wrought in the farming industry during the last century none is more noticeable than that in fencing, say specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture. All over the Eastern United States there are hundreds of miles of stonewall fences which are monuments to the patience and thoroughness of earlier generations. Overlapping this territory, and extending west, are found fences of split rails, with their familiar weeds and berry bushes in the angles, while still farther west, where there was neither wood nor stone, are seen osage orange and other hedges. These are natural productions of the time.

The farmer usually finds today that barbed-wire or woven-wire fence will best serve his ends for new construction, and at the same time cost the least. Barbed wire is used on large stock ranges where the loss of one or two animals through wire cutting is not serious, but for the farmer with fine horses, or a selected herd of cattle, large mesh woven-wire fences are coming more into use.

Ends and Corners.

The manner in which the fence is erected has much to do with its service. The ends and corners are by far the most important elements of a fence. It is essential that they remain firm and solid in order to hold the fence rigid. The first thing to consider is placing the corners. The posts used should be large enough to give sufficient strength; they should be set deep enough to prevent heaving by the action of frost; they should be braced from each direction of tension by a stout rail about 12 feet long.

Metal and concrete posts are on the market, but a great many farmers cling to wooden ones. The line posts should be approximately 4 inches in diameter. Various woods are Used, including osage orange, locust, red cedar, mulberry and burr oak. They should be thoroughly seasoned and the bark removed, and to get the longest life should be dipped in creosote at a temperature of about 220 degrees, long enough for the preservative to penetrate the wood. These posts are best set in the spring after the frost is out and when the ground is soft. On level ground they may be driven with a maul, but in depressions should be anchored down by 2 by 4 cross pieces spiked on the bottom of the post before setting. The distance between posts depends on the location of the fence and the numbers and kinds of stock to be turned, the average in field fences being about 20 feet.

To construct a woven-wire fence properly it is necessary to have a woven-wire stretcher, a single-wire stretcher to be used in attaching the fence to the end posts, a pair of wire cutters, a barbed-wire stretcher, a splicing tool, and hammers for stapling and fastening the wire. Barbed and woven wire may be unrolled by attaching the reel to the back of a wagon or by running a bar through the core and drawing it along with a horse.

Stretching the Wire.

After the wire is unrolled it should be drawn up to the line of posts and freed from adhering trash. The stretchers are then attached and the line wires drawn until they are so taut that they can just be pressed together. Some slack may be allowed for uneven ground. In fastening the wire on the posts the line wire should be kept as nearly horizontal as possible and allowed to follow small irregularities in the ground. The staples should permit horizontal movement of the wire, allowing the weight of the fence to come directly on the corner posts, thus taking care of contraction and expansion due to weather conditions. A woven-wire fence is not complete without a strand of barbed wire above it; this prevents the stock from reaching over and crowding it down.

Adept at Marriage Game: Five Days, She's Gone, Wants Money

1910

Judge Scores Woman

Says She Has Been In Game Long Enough to Be Adept.

WASHINGTON, Ind., Feb. 17. — In granting a divorce to Ephraim Hogshead, a wealthy farmer, today upon a cross-complaint, Judge Houghton took occasion to score Mrs. Hogshead, who, before her marriage, moved in local social circles.

"It appears to me," said the judge, "that there has been an attempt on the part of the woman to hold up Hogshead. I doubt whether she could have recovered a penny against him. This has been her third appearance in my court in suits to disentangle matrimonial alliances and evidently she has played the game long enough to have become an adept."

Mrs. Hogshead's complaint asked for divorce and maintenance. The cross-complaint set forth sensational allegations. The Hogsheads lived together but five days when the wife drove to the city, tied the rig in a hitch-lot and telephoned her husband she would not return home.

—Indianapolis Star, Feb. 18, 1910, p. 5.

A Chinese Trick Explained — "Melican Man Do Findee Out"

1878

George III, it is reported, was once puzzled when eating apple dumplings to know how the apple got inside the dumpling.

During a recent Chinese banquet at San Francisco an orange was laid at the plate of each guest. The fruit, on being cut open, was found to contain five kinds of delicate jellies. Colored eggs were also served, in the inside of which were found nuts, jellies, meats and confections. When one of the Americans asked the interpreter to explain this legerdemain of cookery, he laughed heartily, shook his head and replied: "Melican man heap smart — why he not findee out?"

The orange "trick" is easy to see through. A hole about of the size a ten-cent piece is made in the skin, through which the pulp is taken out; then one kind of jelly, warmed so that it will run, is poured into the orange; when it has cooled another is poured in, and so on until the orange is filled. When the jellies are different colors, the effect on cutting the orange is very striking.



He Made a Mistake

A Michigan farmer, named Harris, has had so many adventures with burglars that he never dares in go to market, in Detroit, without having a gun behind him in his wagon.

Soon after daylight last Tuesday he saw something on the highway that looked like a horse blanket, and while he was getting out of the wagon to pick it up a man confronted him and cried out: "I was waiting for you to come along." Without delay the cautions farmer seized his gun and fired a charge of bird shot almost in the face of the enemy, who retreated in great disorder, screaming and yelling.

The farmer drove on very complacently, thinking that he would have a good story for the boys at the tavern, but discovered a few yards down the road a broken wagon loaded with poultry. The man whom he had stuffed with bird shot was not a robber, but a small farmer who had lost his horse blanket and gone back to look for it.

The repentant marksman went back and tried to comfort his unfortunate fellow-traveler, and found him sitting on a log and counting the wounds — some thirty or more.

Note: "Last Tuesday was sometime in January 1878 or perhaps 1877 sometime. By the way, how do you like the guy's policy of shoot first and ask questions later? Not so good. He could've pulled the gun and had the guy state his business.

Cow's Tail Wedged Between Ice Cakes

1920

Farmer Has to Chop Animal Out With an Ax.

WANDSVILLE, Maine — Twice a day Samuel Fatts, a dairyman of this village, lets h is cows out of the barn so that they can go to the creek and drink.

The other afternoon Fatts' cows were at the creek. A few minutes later they all returned to the barn except one cow. Fatts paid no attention to the lone cow, believing that she would return when she got ready. An hour later he went to the barnyard. The cow was still at the creek. He called to her but she did not move. He went to the creek and found bossy's tail wedged between two cakes of ice which were at the water's edge and she could not release herself.

Fatts returned to the barn, secured an ax, went to the creek, cut the ice away and the cow ran to the barn.


State's Shortest Man is Dead

Was 55 Inches in Height and Weighed 150 Pounds

MACOMB, Ill. — John Kelley, 50 years old, said to be the shortest man in Illinois, is dead of apoplexy at his home. Kelley was forty-four inches in height and weighed 150 pounds. In his younger days his legs were double-jointed, enabling him to move as rapidly backward as forward. Kelley used a stepladder when harnessing his horses.

The Insane Fighting Farmer Taken Through Disguise

Harlan, Iowa, 1903

The Fighting Farmer Taken

Sheriff Stewart and Aids Garbed As Farmers, Capture Arthur Sherlock Near Harlan

Harlan, March 14. — Sheriff Stewart, Ed Parker and Stod Wick went out to Polk township and nabbed the fighting insane man, Arthur Sherlock. He did not know Parker and Wick, who dressed as farmers and made him a proposition to purchase his cattle. Watching their chance the young men overpowered the insane man and put irons on him. He struggled so hard that he broke the first ones put on him. A revolver was found on his person. After the man was taken he laughed about the matter, saying that he had suspected the boys, but that his suspicions were a little too late. Sherlock has been at large on his place for some time, heavily armed and anxious to put cold lead into the sheriff and his deputy, whom he knew. He was taken to the state hospital at Clarinda.

Young Man Dies of Exposure, Farmer Turned Him Out of the House

Stout, Iowa, 1903

FOUND DEAD IN BUGGY SHED

Unknown Man Turned Out of Farmer's Home at Stout Dies of Exposure.

Dike, March 3. — A case of alleged inhuman treatment resulting in the death of a young man and subsequent developments have aroused considerable indignation at Stout, a village seven miles north of here, near where the affair took place.

A young man whose identity is not known appeared in that vicinity and secured employment as a farm hand on the farm of Claus De Vrise. Friday night the farm hand and De Vrise's son went to the town of Stout and the farm hand became intoxicated. It is not known whether the son had been drinking, but the two had some misunderstanding and when they arrived home, it is stated, De Vrise turned the hired man out of the house, he now claims, because of his intoxicated condition.

The young man was attired only in his overalls, shirt and a thin pair of socks. The young man was drunk and wandered to a buggy shed, where he fell asleep in a pool of water. The next morning De Vrise noticed the man lying in the shed and sent to Stout for the constable to arrest him. When the constable arrived, however, the man was dead.

De Vrise by this time had evidently become alarmed and a hurried consultation was held. No official inquest was held, and after the conference the body was carried to town, placed in a binder crate and taken to the depot, where they asked Agent Walker which would be the cheapest way to ship the corpse to Iowa City, by freight or express.

The agent refused to ship the body until he had a physician's certificate as to the cause of death and the body was properly boxed for shipment. It is said that this was done and that the remains have been sent to Des Moines, presumably to a medical college.

Nothing can be learned as to the young man's identity. The case has excited a great deal of talk. The treatment he was accorded by De Vrise and the haste exhibited in trying to get his remains out of the way has aroused the indignation of many and it is probable an investigation will be set on foot.

—Davenport Daily Republican, Davenport, Iowa, March 4, 1903, page 2.


It May Be Manslaughter.

Stout, March 7. — Claude De Vrise, a farmer of this community is likely to have to answer to the charge of manslaughter. De Vrise employed an unknown man as a farm hand. The hand went to town and became intoxicated and when he came home was turned from the house by his employer. In his drunken condition he lay down in his buggy shed in the cold and died. He was found by his employer who placed the body in a binder box and shipped it to Des Moines supposedly to a medical college. The neighbors have asked the coroner to investigate.

—Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, Dubuque, Iowa, March 7, 1903, page 5.


Inhuman Treatment of a Young Man at Stout.

From the New Hartford Review we glean the following ghastly details of a strange case near the new town of Stout, in the southern part of Butler county. The Review says:

Excitement has been running riot in the little town of Stout since Friday night, over the alleged inhuman treatment of a young man, which resulted in his death. At the hour of going to press the Review is unable to say what the final outcome of the affair will be.

A few days ago a young man, whose identity is not known, appeared in that vicinity and secured employment...

[From there the article repeats the details above, with DeVries' name having this more likely spelling.]

—The Iowa Recorder, Greene, Iowa, March 1, 1903, page 1.

Battle in a Pig Pen

1901

Minnesota Farmer is Savagely Attacked by Hogs Which He Goes to Feed

Winona, Minn., Dec. 28.—Eugene D. Logan of Ridgeway lies in the hospital in this city suffering from serious injuries received from vicious hogs. He had a fierce conflict, and only for the fight he put up for his life he would have been torn to shreds.

Mr. Logan went out to care for his stock as usual. In order to properly feed the hogs it was necessary for him to enter the pen and distribute the feed in troughs. He had no sooner entered the pen than the animals attacked him with great ferocity. He tried to fight them off, but could not do so, and it was only with the greatest effort that he was able to keep his feet.

The maddened animals bit and tore at his knees and limbs, and when he reached the fence surrounding the pen he was bleeding from many wounds. He had just strength enough to drag himself over the fence where he fell exhausted, and where he was found a short time afterward by some of the members of his family. He was brought to this city for treatment. An examination showed that his limbs were frightfully torn and lacerated. One kneecap was almost torn from its place. His wounds were properly dressed and he is now resting comfortably in the hospital. His injuries are such that only time will effect a complete cure.

—Davenport Daily Republican, Davenport, Iowa, December 29, 1901, page 2.

Boy, Aged 6, Falls 6 Stories Unhurt

1920

NEW YORK, N. Y. - Although he had fallen from the roof of a six-story tenement house and escaped injury, all that scared 6-year-old Tommy Burke was the appearance of a policeman whom excited women summoned after they saw Tommy strike several clothes lines.

Tommy and other boys played tag on his way down.

Out on the roof, Tommy ran too near the edge and fell off. He spun through space and landed in a deep pile of snow in the yard. Although he looked dazed for a few minutes, he brushed the snow from his clothes and looked for a place to get out of the yard.

Dr. Wheedon of the New York Hospital said Tommy was absolutely intact. Tommy commented, "Gee! Wait'll me mudder sees me suit!"

—The Saturday Blade, Chicago, March 27, 1920, page 2.


To Dumb Forgetfulness a Prey

GREENFIELD, Ind. — Caleb Moncrief, farmer, has always denied that he is absent-minded, but he has a taxi bill as proof to the contrary. After completing his business here, Moncrief drove home, forgetting he had taken his wife to town with him. she followed in a taxi.

—The Saturday Blade, Chicago, March 27, 1920, page 1.

Deaf and Dumb, Insane 42 Years, Ends His Life

1913

ESCAPES ASYLUM BY SUICIDE

Pauper, Born Deaf and Dumb, Ends Long Life As Public Charge

BEACON, N. Y., Nov. 12 — Levi Bodine, deaf and dumb since his birth in an almshouse sixty-five years ago, committed suicide today by leaping into an ice pond of the Matteawan State Hospital, where he was an inmate. Forty-two years of his life had been spent in insane asylums. Bodine was born in the Ulster County almshouse and taken from there by a respectable farmer whom he later killed. At his trial he was declared insane and was committed to Auburn. He was one of the first patients to arrive in Matteawan when this hospital was opened.

—The Indianapolis Star, Indianapolis, Indiana, November 13, 1913, page 15.

Father Has Son Kill Him, Says It's Not Loaded

1911

FATHER PREVAILS ON SON TO KILL HIM

Tells Boy to Shoot, Saying Gun Wasn't Loaded

Greenwich, Conn., May 19.—Fred Husted, a prosperous farmer, aged forty-six, prevailed upon his twelve-year-old son Lester to pull the trigger of his shotgun which blew his father's head off.

Husted laid a double-barreled shotgun on the kitchen table and told the boy to pull the trigger as he wanted to see how it sounded. The man knelt on the floor, cocked one eye and looked directly into the muzzle of the gun only four inches away. The boy hesitated and his father said: "It isn't loaded." The boy snapped the trigger but the gun did not explode.

The father cocked the rifle again. "It isn't loaded. Pull the trigger and see how it sounds," he again told the boy. The boy did as told and the father dropped dead instantly.

—Indiana Evening Gazette, Indiana, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1911, page 4.

Lafayette's Ashes Buried With Dog

1911

ASHES BURIED WITH DOG

Lafayette's Funeral at Edinburgh Witnessed by Tremendous Crowd

Edinburgh, May 15.—Lafayette's unurned ashes were buried between the paws of the embalmed body of Beauty his favorite dog, in the Edinburgh cemetery. A royal funeral could not have been larger.

The chief mourner was Lafayette's second favorite dog, which rode alone in a curtained auto.



Farmer's Fatal Over-Exertion

Akron, O., May 15.—While plowing on his farm Newman Adair, a prominent farmer of Summit county, was overcome by the heat and expired within a few hours.

—Indiana Evening Gazette, Indiana, Pennsylvania, May 15, 1911, page 2.

The Sun and the Father's Will

1905--

Back of the loaf is the snow flour,
Back of the flour, the mill;
And back of the mill is the wheat and the shower,
The sun and the Father's will. -- Anon

--Iowa State Register and Farmer, Des Moines, Iowa, October 13, 1905, page 2.


It is said that a gramaphone of twice the power of those now in use has been invented. This will make the ownership of one an indictable offense. The one owned in our neighborhood now has dried up all the cows and made the hens quit laying.

--Iowa State Register and Farmer, Des Moines, Iowa, October 13, 1905, page 3.


As To Preachers

"Show me ten preachers," said a woman, "who have even a suggestion of sympathy or pathos in their voices, or who read the services with any degree of impressiveness, to say nothing of common intelligence; and I will show you ten churches filled every Sunday to the doors and filled with no ephemeral crowd, but with congregations that are interested and in thorough accord with their respective ministers." Surely she is right. So much or just a bit of intelligence, just one touch of human sympathy.

--Iowa State Register and Farmer, Des Moines, Iowa, October 13, 1905, page 3.


By Bailey of Britt [Britt, Iowa]

We dissected a mosquito at Clear Lake the other night and this is what we found in the crop. One toad, thirteen pinchbugs, forty-eight grasshoppers, a baseball, three old socks, eighty black oak acorns and a rattail file. The darn thing was chasing editors trying to suck enough blood to soften up the sculch so the file could get hold.

--Iowa State Register and Farmer, Des Moines, Iowa, October 13, 1905, page 11.


1908--

Broad Furrows
by Geo. W. Franklin

The only honest quacks in the world are ducks.

Why spend any time worrying about troubles that have not yet come into plain sight?

There is more profit in attending to one's own business than in attending to the business of others.

If you keep a dog, keep a good one and then act humane by providing him a good place to sleep in cold weather.

A little girl said her fat uncle was good natured "because it takes him a long time to get mad clear through." That explains it.

It shortens a man's life to carry burdens not his own. When the alarm clock is set, don't lay awake all night "for fear." Let the clock do that.

Lay out the garden now—in your mind. Get busy when opportunity presents itself and don't let chickens, or "too busy to attend a garden" keep you from having a good one.

Pay as you go, friends; cease speculating and the currency business will adjust itself. Men who buy and sell blue sky will continue to be more or less "up in the air" all the time.

Sam says that judging by the present prices of beef an ox team is worth about twice as much per pound as a modern locomotive, thus making it the most expensive power in modern civilization.

Don't wait too long this time before testing the seed corn. Like the boy promised a thrashing, it is better to "have it done and over with." Give seed corn good winter care, then exercise care in testing and planting.

A friend recently told me that he did not believe in friendship. He said there was no such thing as friendship; that a man's first duty was for himself; that people pretended to be friends but arc not. That certainly is a gloomy way of looking at it. If I did not know plenty of people I could trust I would be a most unhappy creature. Don't look at the world through blue glasses. This world, after all, is just what we make it.

--The Iowa State Register and Farmer, Des Moines, Iowa, January 4, 1908, page 4.

Man Drowns In River, Friends on Bank Thought He Was "Fooling"

Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 1909--

RESULT OF A BLAST.

Thrown Into the Sioux River by an Explosion and was Drowned Before He Could be Rescued.

Sioux Falls, S. D., Aug. 17—Harold Clein, who only about two weeks ago came to Sioux Falls and accepted a position with the Bennett Light and Power company, was drowned this afternoon as the result of being thrown into the Big Sioux river by the force of a blast which himself and other workmen had set off in the granite bank of the river. It appears that Clein, when off duty, had been accustomed to perform a number of stunts in the water for the edification of his companions, and that when he virtually was blown into the river and floundered around in the effort to save himself his companions believed he was only "fooling" and did not go to his assistance until too late. No blame whatever attaches to the company, as the usual precautions were taken before the blast was fired. With the exception of a brother, who worked with him, the dead man had no relatives in the west so far as known.

--Weekly State Spirit and Dakota Huronite, Huron, South Dakota, August 26, 1909, page 4.


A Separated Separator.

Hurley, S. D., Aug. 16.—Annie Nelson, the daughter of a well known farmer living near Hurley, was injured in a peculiar manner. A cream separator being run at high speed by her brother suddenly went to pieces. The disks in the separating tank were revolving at tremendous speed and they were hurled with great velocity all over the room. The flying fragments cut Miss Nelson severely about the face and neck, though the injuries will not prove fatal. Her younger brother, who was turning the crank, was also injured, but not so severely.

--Weekly State Spirit and Dakota Huronite, Huron, South Dakota, August 26, 1909, page 4.

Felling Tree Costs $60,000

1920
----------
Farmer's Act Puts Heavy Losses on Power and Factory Plants

JACKSON, Mich., May 20. -- When a farmer near Frankenmuth, Saginaw County, cut down a tree the other day it cost about $60,000, according to officials of the Consumers' Power Company.

The tree fell across a main transmission wire, causing a short circuit that turned loose 146,000 volts that were being produced by the company's Au Sable power plant. Abut 50,000 factory workers in Flint, Saginaw and Bay City lost a quarter of a day when their machines stopped for lack of power.

The factories lost about $52,000 in "dead" time, it is estimated, and the Consumers' Company fixes its loss at $8,000 in damage to equipment.

--The Saturday Blade, Chicago, May 22, 1920, page 4.